Cystitis is a medical term denoting inflammation of the bladder.In most cases, inflammation is caused by a bacterial infection called urinary tract infection (IMP).The urinary tract infection can cause soreness and irritability, and become a serious problem for female health if it spreads to the kidneys.
Less commonly, cystitis can occur as a reaction to certain drugs, radiation therapy or potential stimuli, such as female hygiene products.Cystitis can also occur as a complication of another disease.
Treatment of cystitis depends on its root cause.Most cases of cystitis are sharp and arise suddenly.Cases of interstitial cystitis are chronic (long).
Symptoms of cystitis in women
Symptoms of cystitis can include:
- frequent desire to urinate;
- the desire to urinate after the bladder was emptied;
- muddy or strongly smelling urine;
- decrease in body temperature (if in combination with IMP);
- blood in the urine;
- pain during intercourse;
- sensation of pressure or filling of the bladder;
- Spasms in the stomach or back.
If the bladder infection applies to the kidneys, this can be a serious health problem.
In addition to the symptoms listed above, the symptoms of renal infection include:
- nausea;
- vomiting;
- back pain or side;
- chills.
In addition, two additional symptoms, fever or blood in the urine, in themselves are not symptoms of cystitis.However, they can occur in connection with other symptoms of renal infection.
Take a doctor immediately if you think that you have an renal infection.
Causes of cystitis in women
The type of cystitis depends on its cause.Possible causes of cystitis include:
- urinary tract infection (IMP);
- certain drugs;
- irradiation (radiation therapy);
- constant use of a catheter;
- Female hygiene products (sprays, creams).
Types of cystitis
Cystitis can be acute or interstitial.Acute cystitis is a case of cystitis that occurs suddenly.Interstitial cystitis is a chronic or long case of the disease that affects several layers of the tissue of the bladder.
Both acute and interstitial cystitis have a number of possible causes.The cause of cystitis is determined by the type.Below are the types of cystitis.
Bacterial cystitis
Bacterial cystitis occurs when bacteria enters the urethra (urethra) or bladder and cause infection.It can also lead to an imbalance of the normal microflora of the body.The infection leads to cysts or inflammation of the bladder.
It is important to treat an infection of the bladder.If the infection applies to the kidneys, this can be a serious health problem.
Drug cystitis
Some drugs can cause inflammation of the bladder.Medicines pass through the body and ultimately go through the urinary system.Some drugs can irritate the bladder when leaving the body.
For example, chemotherapeutic drugs can cause cystitis.
Radiation cystitis
Radiation therapy is used to treat cancer cells and reduce tumors, but it can also damage healthy cells and tissues of the body.Radiation therapy in the pelvic area can cause inflammation of the bladder.
Cystitis of a foreign body
The ongoing use of the catheter, the tubes used to facilitate the release of urine from the bladder, can increase the risk of bacterial infection and damage tissues in the urinary tract.Both bacteria and damaged tissues can cause inflammation.
Chemical cystitis
Some hygiene products can irritate the bladder.
Products that can cause inflammation of the bladder include:
- spermicides;
- the use of vaginal diaphragm with spermicide;
- Female hygiene products.
Cystitis associated with other conditions
Sometimes cystitis occurs as a symptom of other diseases, such as:
- diabetes;
- kidneys;
- HIV in women;
- spinal injuries.
Risk factors
Cystitis is more common in women due to their shorter urethra.However, men are also subject to this disease.
Women can be at a greater risk of cystitis if:
- Sexually active;
- pregnant;
- use spermicide diaphragms;
- experience menopause;
- use irritating personal hygiene products
- There was or there is an infection of the urinary tract (IMP)
- chemotherapy, radiation therapy took place
- Used a catheter.
Diagnostics
There are several different ways to diagnose cystitis in women.The doctor may ask to hand over a sample of urine to determine the cause and check on the IMP.The doctor can also perform cystoscopy or visualization tests to determine the cause of the symptoms.
Cystoscopy
With cystoscopy, the doctor examines the bladder using a thin tube, to which a camera and a light bulb are attached.Doctors can use a cystoscope to collect a biopsy biopsy of the bladder, if necessary.A biopsy is a small -sample of fabric for examining it in the laboratory.
Visual tests
Visual tests are not often needed, but they can be useful in the diagnosis of cystitis.X -ray or ultrasound examination can help exclude other causes of inflammation of the bladder in women, such as structural problems or tumors.
Treatment of cystitis in women
Treatment of cystitis in women is carried out by various types of drugs.
- antibiotics;
- non -steroidal anti -inflammatory drugs;
- antipyretic drugs;
- painkillers;
- Diuretics and Uroseptics.
Treatment of cystitis in women is selected by a specialist with drugs, because before prescribing an antibiotic or any other drug, it is necessary to determine the type of pathogen, and only then determine with the choice of the drug.
Consider how the disease is treated in each specific cases.
Treatment of bacterial cystitis
Antibiotics in bacterial cystitis are the first line of therapy.What medicines are used and how long it depends on the general state of health and bacteria found in the urine.
- The first infection.Symptoms often improve significantly during the day or so after antibiotics treatment.However, it will probably be necessary to take antibiotics within 3 days a week, depending on the severity of the infection.Regardless of the duration of treatment, take the entire course of antibiotics prescribed by the doctor to make sure that the infection has completely passed.
- Repeat the infection.If you have recurrent EPPs, the doctor may recommend longer treatment with antibiotics or send to a doctor who specializes the urinary tract (urologist or nephrologist) to evaluate to find out whether urological disorders can cause infections.For some women, it can be useful to take one dose of antibiotic after intercourse.
- Nosocomial infections (also hospital, nosocomial).The bladder infections acquired in the hospital can be a problem for treatment, since bacteria found in hospitals are often resistant to common types of antibiotics used to treat mercenary infections of the bladder.For this reason, different types of antibiotics and different approaches to treatment may be required.
Women in postmenopauses can be especially prone to cysts.As part of the treatment, the doctor can recommend a vaginal cream with estrogen - if its use does not increase the risks of other health problems.
Treatment of interstitial cystitis
With interstitial cystitis, the cause of inflammation is unclear, therefore there is no single treatment or drug that would best suited in each specific case.
Treatment of other forms of non -infectious cystitis
If there is an increased sensitivity to certain chemicals, such as female hygiene or spermicides, the rejection of these products can help weaken the symptoms and prevent further episodes of the disease.
The treatment of cystitis, which develops as a complication of chemotherapy or radiation therapy, is aimed at eliminating pain, usually with the help of drugs, and hydration to eliminate irritants of the bladder.
Cystitis prevention
Women should wipe the ass frontly back after defecation in order to prevent the spread of bacteria from feces.In addition, the adoption of a shower instead of baths can also help.Be sure to gently rinse the skin in the genital area.
Women should empty the bladder after sexual intercourse and drink water.Finally, avoid any means of irritation in the vaginal area.
Forecast
The prognosis for cystitis depends on the cause of the symptoms.In general, the forecast is good.However, it is important to treat the main state as soon as possible.If you experience the symptoms of cystitis, it is best to consult a doctor.
With recovery, you must:
- Drink a lot of liquids;
- avoid taking drinks with caffeine, as they can irritate the bladder;
- urinate after sexual intercourse;
- Wear cotton underwear and free clothes.